The climatic, geological and topographical conditions of the alpine region make for a very fragile ecosystem that is particularly sensitive to climate change. [168], On 9 February 2014, Swiss voters narrowly approved by 50.3% a ballot initiative launched by the national conservative Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) to restrict immigration, and thus reintroducing a quota system on the influx of foreigners. The Rhône is both the main source and outflow of Lake Geneva. In the following two years, profound changes took place in Zürich. Science and arts: the Renaissance in Switzerland, The Period of Religious Divisions and French Influence – up to 1814, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reformation_in_Switzerland&oldid=1038788833, 16th-century establishments in the Old Swiss Confederacy, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Geneva converted to Protestantism in 1536, just before John Calvin arrived there. ETH Zurich is renowned for its cutting-edge research and innovation. In business and management studies, the University of St. Gallen, (HSG) is ranked 329th in the world according to QS World University Rankings[148] and the International Institute for Management Development (IMD), was ranked first in open programmes worldwide by the Financial Times. Though a smaller school, with only 2,300 students and 300 faculty, it has produced a whopping 32 Nobel laureates among its past and current faculty and alumni. [93], The newest reform of the military, WEA/DEVA/USEs, started in 2019 and will reduce the number of army personnel progressively to 100,000 by the end of 2022.[94]. Zwingli was killed on the battlefield. Several towns, like Aventicum, Iulia Equestris and Augusta Raurica, reached a remarkable size, while hundreds of agricultural estates (Villae rusticae) were founded in the countryside. [4], As of the 2000 census other Christian minority communities included Neo-Pietism (0.44%), Pentecostalism (0.28%, mostly incorporated in the Schweizer Pfingstmission), Methodism (0.13%), the New Apostolic Church (0.45%), Jehovah's Witnesses (0.28%), other Protestant denominations (0.20%), the Old Catholic Church (0.18%), other Christian denominations (0.20%). In the tense atmosphere, small incidents could easily escalate. The toponym Schwyz itself was first attested in 972, as Old High German Suittes, ultimately perhaps related to swedan ‘to burn’ (cf. The application for membership of the EU was formally withdrawn in 2016, having long been frozen. My daughter has completed her IGCSE. The judges are elected by the Federal Assembly for six-year terms. La Tène culture developed and flourished during the late Iron Age from around 450 BC,[35] possibly under some influence from the Greek and Etruscan civilisations. It had been imposed by a foreign invading army and destroyed centuries of tradition, making Switzerland nothing more than a French satellite state. Allied forces explained the bombings, which violated the 96th Article of War, resulted from navigation errors, equipment failure, weather conditions, and errors made by bomber pilots. ETH Zurich also offers Master’s degrees in the following fields: Master’s degrees are offered along with a doctorate (Ph.D.) in any of the scientific disciplines provided. In 1564, they settled for a treaty which prescribed the separation of religions in Glarus. Many Huguenots and other Protestant refugees from all over Europe fled to Basel, Geneva, and Neuchâtel. Zürich and Geneva are regarded as global cities, ranked as Alpha and Beta respectively. The Protestant cantons had to agree to a peace treaty, the so-called Zweiter Kappeler Landfriede, which forced the dissolution of the Protestant alliance (Christliches Burgrecht). Soldiers from both sides fought in the French Wars of Religion. [27] The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The 16th century also saw the height of witch-hunts in Europe, and Switzerland was no exception. In the background to this struggle, the conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the First War of Villmergen, in 1656, and the Toggenburg War (or Second War of Villmergen), in 1712.[40]. Beginning about 1530, culminating around 1600, and then slowly diminishing, numerous witch trials were held in both Protestant and Catholic cantons. The confederacy did not allow any foreign army to cross its territory: the alpine passes remained closed for Spain, just as an alliance offer of the Swedish King Gustav Adolph was rejected. The unemployment rate increased from a low of 1.7% in June 2000 to a peak of 4.4% in December 2009. [126] The service sector – especially banking and insurance, tourism, and international organisations – is another important industry for Switzerland. Before we find out about the ETH Zurich acceptance rate, let us first find out about the courses offered here. It started its daily business for passenger transport on 11 December 2016 replacing the old, mountainous, scenic route over and through the St Gotthard Massif. Januar 2015): Art. The larger cities and their cantons (Bern, Geneva, Lausanne, Zürich and Basel) used to be predominantly Protestant. During World War I, Switzerland was home to the revolutionary and founder of the Soviet Union Vladimir Illych Ulyanov (Vladimir Lenin) and he remained there until 1917. [40] By 1460, the confederates controlled most of the territory south and west of the Rhine to the Alps and the Jura mountains, particularly after victories against the Habsburgs (Battle of Sempach, Battle of Näfels), over Charles the Bold of Burgundy during the 1470s, and the success of the Swiss mercenaries. In 1988, the Paul Scherrer Institute was founded in his name to explore the therapeutic uses of neutron scattering technologies. The Three Leagues (Drei Bünde) of the Grisons were not yet a member of the Confederacy but were involved in the war from 1620 onward, which led to their loss of the Valtellina from 1623 to 1639. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association, but notably not part of the European Union, the European Economic Area or the Eurozone. Swiss motorcycle racer Thomas Lüthi won the 2005 MotoGP World Championship in the 125cc category. When such a feud spilled over into the Valtellina in 1619, a subject territory of the Three Leagues, the population there responded in kind, killing the Protestant rulers in 1620 and calling Habsburg Spain for help. Found inside(2010 SEP 1) Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich: Nonlinear MIMO: Affordable MIMO Technology for Wireless ... AP and the SNs has not been considered, since this would violate the stringent power and cost constraints at the SN. They assumed judicial and financial powers over the clergy, laid down firm rules of conduct for the priests, outlawed concubinage, and reserved the right to nominate priests in the first place, who previously had been assigned by the bishoprics. That is a majority of 23 cantonal votes because the result of the popular vote in the six traditional, In 2008, the ETH Zürich was ranked 15th in the field. [150][151], As might befit a country that plays home to innumerable international organisations, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, located in Geneva, is not only continental Europe's oldest graduate school of international and development studies, but also widely believed to be one of its most prestigious. This initiative was mostly backed by rural (57.6% approvals) and suburban agglomerations (51.2% approvals), and isolated towns (51.3% approvals) as well as by a strong majority (69.2% approval) in the canton of Ticino, while metropolitan centres (58.5% rejection) and the French-speaking part (58.5% rejection) rather rejected it. Found inside – Page 143Neal Steven Berke, The symposium on corrosion rates of steel in concrete, Victor Chaker David Whiting ... lecturer, and researcher, Departments of Materials and Civil Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, ... However, the president is a primus inter pares with no additional powers, and remains the head of a department within the administration.[72]. While most studies have focused on prevailing negative consequences, potential positive shifts in everyday life have received less attention. [163][164], The government has established an Integration Office under the Department of Foreign Affairs and the Department of Economic Affairs. The Swiss Armed Forces, including the Land Forces and the Air Force, are composed mostly of conscripts, male citizens aged from 20 to 34 (in special cases up to 50) years. Additionally the headquarters of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) are located in Basel since 1930. It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern. Skiing, snowboarding and mountaineering are among the most popular sports in Switzerland, the nature of the country being particularly suited for such activities. He has won 20 Grand Slam tournaments overall including a record 8 Wimbledon titles. A graph of 51.7M academic publications and 1.38B citations was processed. Found inside – Page 20He left the university and the patent office in 1909 to accept an associate professorship in Zurich. ... FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (ETH) When Einstein was a student there, the ETH was named the Swiss Federal Polytechnical School. With its world-class companies, Novartis and Roche, and many other players, it is also one of the world's most important centres for the life sciences industry. The Swiss German name of the country, Schwiiz, is homophonous to that of the canton and the settlement, but distinguished by the use of the definite article (d'Schwiiz for the Confederation,[31] but simply Schwyz for the canton and the town). For the next twenty years, the Grisons was ravaged by a war known as the Confusion of the Leagues. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) - Sixth Edition. https://leverageedu.com/blog/scholarships-in-switzerland/, Interested for pursuing my masters Currently pursuing my bachelor’s degree in civil engineering. [38] This new constitution also brought a legal end to nobility in Switzerland.[42]. Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium.[251]. The authorities, already involved in reformatory or counter-reformatory activities, managed to subdue these uprisings only by granting concessions. By 1353, the three original cantons had joined with the cantons of Glarus and Zug and the Lucerne, Zürich and Bern city-states to form the "Old Confederacy" of eight states that existed until the end of the 15th century. [222] The plateau is very densely populated with about 450 people per km2 and the landscape continually shows signs of human presence. A graph of 16.1M academic publications and 458M citations was processed. [58] At 4,634 m (15,203 ft), Monte Rosa is the highest, although the Matterhorn (4,478 m or 14,692 ft) is often regarded as the most famous. The Swiss victory in the Swabian War against the Swabian League of Emperor Maximilian I in 1499 amounted to de facto independence within the Holy Roman Empire. [225] The weight of the largest metropolitan areas, which are Zürich, Geneva–Lausanne, Basel and Bern tend to increase. [245] Italian and Romansh-speaking authors also contributed to the Swiss literary landscape, but generally in more modest ways given their small number. During the Thirty Years' War, Switzerland was a relative "oasis of peace and prosperity" (Grimmelshausen) in war-torn Europe. The mayor of Basel, Johann Rudolf Wettstein, lobbied for a formal recognition of the Swiss confederacy as an independent state in the peace of Westphalia. Some organisations and political parties find this practice controversial. More recently Vladimir Prelog, Heinrich Rohrer, Richard Ernst, Edmond Fischer, Rolf Zinkernagel, Kurt Wüthrich and Jacques Dubochet received Nobel Prizes in the sciences. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, one of the Waldstätte cantons which formed the nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy. Situated in Switzerland, ETH Zurich, also known as the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, is a prestigious university with a reputation of being listed in the top 5 universities in Europe and top 10 in the World consistently over the years. ", "Schweiz - Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) pro Kopf nach Kantonen 2017", "Six Swiss companies make European Top 100", Want the world's best wages? Of those, 120,000 are active in periodic Army training and 80,000 are non-training reserves. [187], Switzerland developed an efficient system to recycle most recyclable materials. Only strategically important places such as the Freiamt or those along the route from Schwyz to the Rhine valley at Sargans (and thus to the Alpine passes in the Grisons) were forcibly re-Catholicised. [35], By 1200, the Swiss plateau comprised the dominions of the houses of Savoy, Zähringer, Habsburg, and Kyburg. Found inside – Page 454(2012 Oct 05) Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich: Trust, Confidence, Procedural Fairness, Outcome Fairness, Moral Conviction, and the Acceptance of GM Field Experiments By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Insurance Weekly ... These agreements were signed in 1999 and took effect in 2001. The Reformation prompted the conflicts to escalate once more. Found inside – Page 464(2012 Jun 08) Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich: The fully differential decay rate of a Higgs boson to bottom-quarks at NNLO in QCD By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Energy & Ecology Business — Fresh data on High ... Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country situated at the confluence of Western, Central and Southern Europe. Found insideTo my good luck, I got admission to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Zurich, in Switzerland in the field of Chemical Technology. I had vaguely heard that an elderly cousin of mine had passed out in this field and country and ... The cantons had concluded numerous mercenary contracts and defence alliances with partners on all sides. [221][222] Switzerland has gone from a largely rural country to an urban one in just 70 years. [70] Switzerland [185] The country is heavily active in recycling and anti-littering regulations and is one of the top recyclers in the world, with 66% to 96% of recyclable materials being recycled, depending on the area of the country. [40] It introduced the facultative referendum for laws at the federal level. They include the world-famous physicist Albert Einstein[154] in the field of physics, who developed his special relativity while working in Bern. Plot No. Yet the absolutist tendencies kept slowly transforming the democrat cantons into oligarchies. [219] With an ageing population and new healthcare technologies, health spending will likely continue to rise. [38] In 1979 areas from the canton of Bern attained independence from the Bernese, forming the new canton of Jura. [32] The long [iː] of Swiss German is historically and still often today spelled ⟨y⟩ rather than ⟨ii⟩, preserving the original identity of the two names even in writing. Found inside – Page xiSpyros Arvanitis is Senior Research Economist at the Swiss Institute for Business Cycle Research (KOF) of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), where he is head of the Research Group 'Market Dynamics and Competition'. However, Henri de Rohan's French army had to withdraw following the political intrigues of Jürg Jenatsch, who managed to play the French off against the Spaniards. The application process is more or less the same for all programs, with some variations depending on the course selected. [224] However, from the beginning of the 21st century, the population growth in urban areas is higher than in the countryside. Education in Switzerland is very diverse because the constitution of Switzerland delegates the authority for the school system to the cantons. In the countryside, settlements of estates increasingly lead to small and smallest properties insufficient to sustain a family, and a new class of daytalers (Tauner) grew disproportionally. Each one of us has got something unique enough to be successful; we believe in bringing you closer to that Four fifths of persons with an immigration background were themselves immigrants (first generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens), whereas one fifth were born in Switzerland (second generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens). For the Habsburgs, the Grisons was a strategically important connection between Milan and Austria. Important Note: This page contains Division of Investment Management no-action letters dated on or after January 1, 1993. ; Sports hall, Monday to Friday, 7am to 10pm, Saturday 7am to 4pm.Artificial turf pitch, Monday to Friday, 7am to 7pm; Saturday, 7am to 6pm. Found inside – Page 1APPENDIX B OST PRESENTATIONS October 1 , 1993 - September 30 , 1994 Bassen H. The US Food and Drug Administration requirements for medical device approval . Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , Zurich , Switzerland , June 15 , 1994 . Despite their religious differences and an exclusively-Catholic defence alliance of the seven cantons (Goldener Bund), no other major armed conflicts directly between the cantons occurred. [176] In November 2016, Swiss voters rejected a proposal by the Green Party to accelerate the phaseout of nuclear power (45.8% supported and 54.2% opposed). [249] The first world ski championships were held in Mürren (1931) and St. Moritz (1934). Top wine consuming nations per capita, 2006, The Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation, Sovereign states and dependencies of Europe, autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark, Commission against Racism and Intolerance, Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Switzerland&oldid=1042728801, French-speaking countries and territories, German-speaking countries and territories, Italian-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Member states of the European Free Trade Association, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Articles with dead external links from July 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Romansh-language text, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles containing Alemannic German-language text, Articles containing Old High German (ca. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the UEFA Euro 2008 tournament. The most frequent characteristics of Helvetisms are in vocabulary, phrases, and pronunciation, but certain Helvetisms denote themselves as special in syntax and orthography likewise. There are three main governing bodies on the federal level:[73] the bicameral parliament (legislative), the Federal Council (executive) and the Federal Court (judicial). Bloomberg delivers business and markets news, data, analysis, and video to the world, featuring stories from Businessweek and Bloomberg News on everything pertaining to politics To minimise the negative consequences of Switzerland's isolation from the rest of Europe, Bern and Brussels signed seven bilateral agreements to further liberalise trade ties. Found inside – Page 149For additional information, contact L. Cantieni, Swiss Fed Institute Technology, Zurich, SWITZERLAND. ... on the deformation rate of the ground in the vicinity of the working face,” investigators in Zurich, Switzerland report. [205], The federal government is obliged to communicate in the official languages, and in the federal parliament simultaneous translation is provided from and into German, French and Italian. [179] In 2015, each Swiss resident travelled on average 2,550 kilometres (1,580 mi) by rail, which makes them the keenest rail users. After a first report, the work of this committee was suspended in 2004 by the Swiss Federal Council, and work on this subject has not resumed since.[102]. The headquarters of the international football's and ice hockey's governing bodies, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) and International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), are located in Zürich. Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400069, Pursuing any degree including an MBBS from abroad makes sense because of so many reasons. Some Swiss cantons approved this in 1959, while at the federal level it was achieved in 1971[40][55] and, after resistance, in the last canton Appenzell Innerrhoden (one of only two remaining Landsgemeinde, along with Glarus) in 1990. The main international airports of Switzerland are also located in these cities. Summers tend to be warm and humid at times with periodic rainfall so they are ideal for pastures and grazing. Anabaptists Felix Manz and Conrad Grebel also operated there. This solicited the response of both peasants and free citizens, who resented such curtailing of their democratic rights, and around 1523/25, also fuelled by the reformatory spirit, revolts broke out in many cantons, both rural and urban. Being consistently in the top 5 European and top 10 world universities definitely makes it prestigious. However, federal laws and other official acts do not need to be decreed in Romansh. Thus, while the rest of Europe saw revolutionary uprisings, the Swiss drew up a constitution which provided for a federal layout, much of it inspired by the American example. The first and second century AD was an age of prosperity for the population living on the Swiss plateau. Federal Department of Finance. Found inside – Page 89On his second try, Einstein was granted admission to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. While there, he often preferred to study on his own, reading the classical works of theoretical physics. [193], As of 2019[update], resident foreigners make up 25.2% of the population, one of the largest proportions in the developed world. About 8.2% of the population live below the national poverty line, defined in Switzerland as earning less than CHF3,990 per month for a household of two adults and two children, and a further 15% are at risk of poverty. [194] Italians were the largest single group of foreigners, with 15.6% of total foreign population, followed closely by Germans (15.2%), immigrants from Portugal (12.7%), France (5.6%), Serbia (5.3%), Turkey (3.8%), Spain (3.7%), and Austria (2%). For example, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), IOC's Olympic Museum and the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) are located in Lausanne. In 1581, the bishopric regained the Birs valley lying southwest of Basel. In 1798, the revolutionary French government invaded Switzerland and imposed a new unified constitution. Found inside – Page 8expenditure for public education and research at all levels was 7.42 billion Swiss francs , * approximately 5 percent of the ... Bern , and Zurich , the Federal Institute of Technology at Zurich , and the School of Economics , Business ... [118][119][120] It is a relatively easy place to do business, currently ranking 20th of 189 countries in the Ease of Doing Business Index. The university is r eferred to in English as the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich. From 1526, the Catholic conferences were held mostly in Lucerne, the Protestant conferences from 1528 mostly in Aarau, the one for the legitimation of the French Ambassador in Solothurn. Since 2000 the armed force department has also maintained the Onyx intelligence gathering system to monitor satellite communications. [60]:76, Switzerland lies between latitudes 45° and 48° N, and longitudes 5° and 11° E. It contains three basic topographical areas: the Swiss Alps to the south, the Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau, and the Jura mountains on the west. Found inside – Page iv... submitted to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences Accepted on the recommendation of : Prof. Dr. H.-J. Schek , examiner Prof. Dr. M. Scholl , co - examiner Diss . ETH No. Switzerland was not invaded during either of the world wars. Meet disclosure and compliance requirements, reach your shareholders worldwide, and increase visibility among investors by with GlobeNewswire distribution options for financial and material information. Kickstart Your Journey of Pursuing Overseas Education With Leverage Edu! [35] Some regions (Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, later known as Waldstätten) were accorded the Imperial immediacy to grant the empire direct control over the mountain passes. ETH Zurich, Switzerland . Two years later, the second war of Kappel broke out. If you need professional help with completing any kind of homework, Solution Essays is the right place to get it. This ended the so-called "heroic" epoch of Swiss history. Found inside – Page 249acceptance. criteria. for. concrete. structures. V. Malioka & M.H. Faber Chair of Risk and Safety, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Structural Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland A. Leemann & C. Hoffmann EMPA (Swiss ... Welcome to the website of the Robotics and Perception Group led by Prof. Davide Scaramuzza.Our lab was founded in February 2012 and is part of the Department of Informatics, at the University of Zurich, and the Department of Neuroinformatics, which is a joint institute of both the University of Zurich and ETH Zurich. [116], The World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report currently ranks Switzerland's economy as the most competitive in the world,[117] it is ranked by the European Union as Europe's most innovative country and as the most innovative country in the Global Innovation Index in 2020. The COVID-19 crisis has radically changed the way people live and work. After the treaty of Lausanne of 1564, Bern had to return the Chablais south of Lake Geneva and the Pays de Gex (between Geneva and Nyon) to Savoy in 1567, and the Valais returned the territories west of Saint Gingolph two years later in the treaty of Thonon. ETH Zurich provides 2 scholarship programs for those who wish to pursue a Masters Degree: Yes, ETH Zurich has a good amount of competition for the admissions every year. [note 10][145][146], Eight of ten best hotel schools in the world are located in Switzerland. In June 2007 the Swiss National Council, one house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, voted to overturn the ban, however the other house, the Swiss Council of States rejected the change and the ban remains in place. The most prominently watched sports in Switzerland are football, ice hockey, Alpine skiing, "Schwingen", and tennis.[250]. Whether you are looking for essay, coursework, research, or term paper help, or with any other assignments, it is no problem for us. In addition the country attracted a number of creative persons during time of unrest or war in Europe. Some of these contracts neutralized each other, which allowed the confederation to remain neutral. 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